Fashionably Loud Essays - Fashion, Television Advertisement, Model

Search for argumentative to find opinion essays :: Opinion Essays

Odyssey Essay   Being assaulted by one peered toward beasts, enormous tempests, a monster ocean winged serpent, and scores of irate men were only a couple of the risks Odysseus needed to survive. He didn't just conquer them, however he did as such in a way that would always be thought of as gallant. Odysseus, the epic saint of Homer's The Odyssey shows the Greek perfect of administration, fortitude, and commitment to the divine beings. Odysseus was an incredible pioneer and demonstrated his authority capacities numerous times, times where his men were prepared to surrender and acknowledge their destiny. With his persuasive talks he transformed his men into risky contenders who would continue going hard until they were struck down, eaten, or tossed into the stirring oceans. One case of this was during Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus' men were drained and would not like to continue, however Odysseus stated: Companions, have we never been in peril this? Progressively fearsome, is it now, at that point when we confronted Cyclops? Did I not keep my nerve, and utilize my brains to discover an exit plan? (P. 708, L. 766) There are likewise times when all the men are apprehensive, in any case, here Odysseus shows he's in control and shouts out when no one needs to: We as a whole felt pressure in our souls, however I shouted out in replyÉ (P. 689, L. 203) Odysseus offered admonitions to help his individual shipmates and attempted to secure them from the fury of the divine beings: Old shipmates, our stores are in the boat's hold, food and drink; the cows here are not for our arrangement, or we pay the consequences for it. (P. 710, L. 840) Odysseus was an incredible pioneer, yet additionally a very valiant man. There were likewise commonly when Odysseus demonstrated how bold he was. In this next model including the Cyclops Odysseus shows that he is not the sort of pioneer that sits on safe land while he sends his men in to slaughter, be that as it may, a pioneer who appreciates simply being occupied with fight with his men. I took my twelve best contenders and proceeded. (P. 687, L. 136) Odysseus additionally had the core of a contender, he would do fight at whatever point fundamental, regardless of whom his rival was, for this situation the monster Cyclops:

Panic Attack Types and Symptoms

Panic Attack Types and Symptoms Panic Disorder Symptoms Print An Overview of Panic Attack Types and Symptoms What you need to know about the two main types By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 01, 2014 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 20, 2019 More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Types Diagnosis Panic Attacks in Panic Disorder Treatment View All Back To Top Panic attacks are characterized by feelings of fear, dread, and uncomfortable physical symptoms. These attacks are not classified as a mental health disorder on their own but typically occur as a part of a mental illness or medical condition. Panic attacks are classified into two types: expected and unexpected. Heres what you need to know about each one. Symptoms The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), is the handbook used by mental health providers in making accurate diagnoses. According to the diagnostic criteria listed in the DSM-5, panic attacks are experienced as a sudden sense of fear and dread. These symptoms are accompanied by at least four other mental, emotional, and physical symptoms. The four or more other symptoms may include: Heart palpitations or accelerated heart rateExcessive sweatingTrembling or shakingShortness of breath or smothering sensationsFeeling of chokingChest pain or discomfortNausea or abdominal painFeeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faintChills or hot flashesDerealization and/or depersonalizationFear of losing control or going crazyFear of dyingFeelings of numbness or tingling sensations (paresthesias)?? The symptoms of panic attacks typically occur rapidly and peak within minutes. Once a panic attack has subsided, the symptoms can taper off completely or the panic sufferer can remain in an anxious state, possibly repeating the panic attack cycle again. Limited-symptom panic attacks occur when all criteria are met, but the person experiences less than four of the listed symptoms.?? Physical Symptoms of Panic and Anxiety Disorders Types of Panic Attacks Not only can panic attacks vary in intensity and duration, but they can also differ according to what prompted the attack. The DSM-5 lists two separate and distinct types of panic attacks: expected panic attacks and unexpected panic attacks. Expected Panic Attacks These attacks are anticipated when a person is subjected to specific cues or panic triggers. For instance, someone who has a fear of enclosed spaces (claustrophobia) may expect to have panic attacks when in an elevator or other cramped areas. A person who has a fear of flying (aerophobia) may predictably have a panic attack when boarding a plane, at the time of take-off, or at some time during the flight.?? Unexpected Panic Attacks These panic attacks occur suddenly without any obvious cause or indication. When an unexpected panic attack occurs, a person can be completely relaxed before symptoms develop. This type of panic attack doesnt accompany any conscious internal cues, such as having fearful thoughts, feelings of intense dread and anxiety, or uncomfortable physical sensations. Unexpected attacks also dont occur with external cues, such as specific phobias or being exposed to a frightening event or situation.?? Types of Panic Attacks and Criteria for Diagnosis Panic Attacks and Diagnosis Panic attacks are most often associated with a diagnosis of panic disorder but can be associated with other mental health disorders. Panic attacks are often related to mood and anxiety disorders, such as agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. These attacks can also occur in conjunction with a variety of mental health disorders, including personality disorders, eating disorders, and substance-related disorders.?? If youre experiencing panic attacks, your doctor or qualified mental health provider can determine if your panic symptoms are an indication that you have panic disorder or a different condition. Your practitioner can provide you with an accurate diagnosis and a proper treatment plan. The earlier you get treated for your panic symptoms, the sooner you can expect to manage your panic attacks.?? How Do Specialists Diagnose Panic Disorder? Panic Attacks in Panic Disorder Panic disorder is a complex mental health condition that involves feelings of anxiety and apprehension. As outlined in the DSM-5, panic disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder with its own distinct set of diagnostic criteria. Having experienced one unanticipated panic attack is usually a sign that a person can expect to have more of them in the future. Persistent and unexpected panic attacks are the hallmark feature of a  panic disorder. People diagnosed with panic disorder may also be subject to having nocturnal panic attacks, a type of unexpected panic attack that occurs when a person is sound asleep and wakes them up with panic symptoms.?? Panic disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, but can occasionally begin in childhood or late adulthood. Research has found strong familial links, suggesting that having a close biological family member with panic disorder puts someone at greater risk for developing this condition. Panic disorder is almost twice as prevalent in women than men. The causes of panic disorder arent currently known. Different theories examine the influence of environmental, biological, and psychological influences. Most experts agree that panic disorder is the result of a combination of these factors.?? Common Risk Factors Associated With Panic Disorder A person with panic disorder may experience great limitations due to panic attacks. For example, they may spend a significant amount of time worrying about future panic attacks and may even avoid certain places and situations that they believe will contribute to the possibility of having a panic attack. Additionally, many people with panic disorder deal with loneliness and isolation, feeling ashamed of their symptoms and fearing that others would negatively judge them for their panic symptoms. Treatment for Panic Disorder Even though theres not a cure for a  panic disorder, there are numerous treatment options available to help people manage their symptoms. The most common options include prescribed medication and/or psychotherapy. Most of those with panic disorder will choose both these options along with practicing self-help techniques. Medications for panic disorder, such as antidepressants and benzodiazepines, can reduce the intensity of panic attacks and other anxiety-related symptoms. Psychotherapy can assist in helping you deal with difficult emotions and develop healthy coping techniques. Regardless of the options someone chooses, its important to get help for panic and anxiety. The sooner a diagnosis has been made and treatment begins, the quicker a person can expect to cope with symptoms and manage life with panic disorder.?? The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Nothing Was The Same by Drake free essay sample

Drakes highly anticipated album Nothing Was The Same came out at 12am this morning. i brought it right at 12. I listened to it 3 times throughout the night im still listening to it now. This is Drakes 3rd album. Thank Me Later Take Care are his 2 albums before this one. Thank Me Later was his freshman album he showed a lot of his potential. Take Care was the album that really put him on the charts. That was his 2nd album it really put him in a league of his own. But I will go as far to say that Nothing Was The Same topped Take Care. Nothing Was The Same is a well put together album. Drakes music varies from hip-hop, RnB, rap. This album had a whole new sound to it. Nothing Was The Same hangs its hat with a somber, gloomy feel that takes you in the mind of Drake as he raps sings about being underrated, loving women, and bragging about himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Was The Same by Drake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every song gives you a clear visual of what Drake wants you to see. Whether its sad lonely or having a good time at a party with your friends. Drake has really come into his own as a famous rapper, even though you can tell he got a little bit of his sound from other artist that he himself is inspired by. Artist like The Weekend, when it comes to the feel of the song. Also Justin Timberlake when it comes to his vocals. Nothing Was The Same was a great way a great time in his career to showcase his new skills,musically. From this album I learned a lot bout Drake. From his personal thoughts, past relationships family troubles. I also learned that he is trying to get back to his old self again. He puts a red beam on saying I want to get back to that kid who was living in his mamas basement on on his track From Time. This album was a spectacular was of Drake telling his fans he wants to get back to the basics. In my honest opinion, I dont think anyone will top this album this year. This whole album flows smoothly together, each having two parts to it. Almost like a twist in a movie. Drake shows great versatility on this album. If you havent heard it yet, i really recommend that you should. Its worth the money. Nothing Was The Same by Drake free essay sample Nothing Was the Same As a fan of Drake, listening to any of his albums is never disappointing. The way he pours his feelings into his music captivates his listeners right away with the help of a catchy beat. Aubrey Drake Graham is no victim of the stereotypical description of rap music. No meaningless lyrics ever cross his lips. Not only is he a modest, talented rapper, he has a set of pipes on him, too. Through his album, â€Å"Nothing Was the Same†, he proceeds to showcase his talent just as he did for his previous releases. â€Å"Nothing Was the Same† is Drake’s junior album sold 658,000 copies in its first week and is gaining more success than his sophomore album, which had multiple songs high up on the charts. This album has had three songs on the famous Billboard’s Top 100 and featured other popular artists such as Jay-Z, 2 Chainz, and Big Sean. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Was The Same by Drake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His style and flow has inevitably changed the rap game. With the way he is going now, he will definitely go down in the books. â€Å"I’m just as good as my mentor, but that’s still the boss, don’t get sent for.† His music shows that his success doesn’t get to his head and he does not lose his roots. â€Å"Started from the bottom, now I’m here.† Drake got to where he is now independently, and doesn’t let anyone forget it. He always proves that he deserves the success he obtains today through his lyrics, making sure no one mistakes him for a â€Å"snotty rich kid† blowing money as soon as he gets it. For anyone who is not particularly fond of this Canada born artist, I recommend a quick listen. That is all you will need to transform into a new fan. From his heartfelt lyrics, to his clever word play, Drake never ceases to impress his fans and critics. He continues to pay homage to his idols that come before him and strive to become one for his listeners today.

The Three Most Influential People In Ender free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Life Essay, Research Paper The Three Most Influential Peoples in Ender # 8217 ; s Life In the award-winning novel Ender # 8217 ; s Game by Orson Scott Card there are many characters that influence Ender throughout his travels. Ender is influenced in one manner or another by merely about every individual he comes into contact with. Most of these influences, nevertheless, are really elusive and do non do a direct or dramatic alteration in his life. There are three chief people that Ender spends a batch of clip with that influence him the most. The first character that influenced Ender was Peter, his older brother. All throughout their early childhoods, Peter would coerce Ender into playing barbarous games similar to # 8220 ; bulls and robbers # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; Cowboys and Indians, # 8221 ; but this was Buggers and worlds. Ender was ever the Bugger who would acquire beaten severely by the # 8220 ; human, # 8221 ; Peter. Peter would frequently do decease menaces to Ender and his sister, Valentine. We will write a custom essay sample on The Three Most Influential People In Ender or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Peter was neer truly certain if Peter was serious with these menaces or non, but he was smart plenty to cognize that if he had wanted to, Peter could hold killed them both. As a direct consequence of these unsmooth games and menaces, Ender developed a ruthless, battle- minded. He displayed this trait at the battle after school with Stilson while he was still on Earth and the battle in the cabinet room with Bonzo at the conflict school. Both of which ended in the decease of Ender # 8217 ; s cocksure oppositions. In his ain defence Ender said, # 8220 ; Knocking [ Stilson ] down merely won the first battle. I wanted to win all the following 1s, excessively. So they # 8217 ; vitamin D leave me alone. # 8221 ; Secondly Colonel Graff besides had a great influence on Ender. Upon come ining the conflict school, Colonel Graff pointed Ender out as a # 8220 ; star pupil # 8221 ; among all the others. This got them aggravated and made it highly difficult for Ender to do and maintain frien ds. This was all portion of the Colonels program to insulate Ender from the other male childs in order to open up his creativeness and glare. Ender was foremost merely a portion of the squad under the stamp downing leading of Bonzo. Ender was non allowed to hit anyone and merely floated around aimlessly. Until, that is, he was eventually traded and was able to really contend in the conflicts and turn out his worth. He was shortly promoted to toon leading and rapidly after that became the youngest squad commanding officer in conflict school history. This merely made the older childs resent him more. Upon being promoted to commander he was given a wholly new squad of cubs and kids who didn # 8217 ; t even cognize how to manage themselves on gravitation, allow entirely in zero G, and was allowed no trading. They besides gave him a conflict every individual twenty-four hours, opposed to the normal 2 hebdomad stretch for most squads. This was all to prove Ender # 8217 ; s capabili ties of taking the human fleet against another Bugger invasion. Ender would besides sometimes fight 2 or 3 conflicts in one twenty-four hours or even two squads at one time and his squad was highly tired and worn-down. But despite these adversities, Ender found a manner to win each and every game. Graff arranged all of this and because of him Ender learned how to manage himself in intense state of affairss, one of Ender’s greatest features in the long tally. Finally, Mazar Rackham had a enormous impact on Ender. He was Ender # 8217 ; s private instructor one time he got to the I.F. Academy. He told Ender that he was the enemy and neer to swear him. Ender neer knew when Mazar was traveling to turn on him or assist him, and this taught Ender to neer swear anyone wholly, because of this he became more autonomous and it kept him on his toes. Mazar besides taught Ender all of his cognition on his licking of the sodomites in the 2nd invasion. Ender studied classified information and played the simulation game with his crew, who, as it turned out, were all his good friends from conflict school. Then all of a sudden it switched to existent conflicts with the sodomites with existent lives at interest, but Ender was neer told. Then eventually, through Mazar # 8217 ; s fantastic instructions, Ender reached the concluding conflict with the Buggers. Ender and his fleet were outnumbered 10,000 to one. Ender thought it was improbably unjust and thoug ht that Mazar had programmed the simulation. Besides, with people in uniforms observation on, Ender felt uneasy. Finally he decided that he didn # 8217 ; t care what happened and it didn # 8217 ; t affair, so he decided to wing in to the place planet and utilize the largest and most powerful arm. Ender blew up the planet and all of the environing ships. At this point everyone in the room began heartening and Ender eventually realized that these # 8220 ; simulations # 8221 ; were existent conflicts in the concluding invasion of the Bugger place universe. Ender learned from Mazar to make his best under force per unit area, even if he thought the result didn # 8217 ; t affair. From all three of these really of import people, Ender learned at least one new character trait. From Peter he learned to be pitiless and demo no clemency. Then from Colonel Graff he learned to be resilient and crafty in his ways. Finally, from Mazar Rackham he learned to be clasp, make his best at all times, and to neer to the full trust anybody. In Card # 8217 ; s Ender # 8217 ; s Game, the usage of characters helps to develop Ender # 8217 ; s character throughout all his travels. In this peculiar novel those three characters compose most of Ender # 8217 ; s personality traits that he learned while turning up. Ender experienced more in the short 11 old ages of his life than most people would in 3 or 4 life-times, and Ender has Peter, Graff, and Mazar to thank for that.

Remembering Our First Stage of Education

Remembering Our First Stage of Education Most people have  good memories  of their elementary school days and one of them is recollections of a certain beloved teacher. Why not all? The result of  study  about successful and well-remembered elementary school teachers suggest that most of them actually enjoy working with kids, having fun and always happy to be with them. They can easily communicate with children; familiar with children’s needs, and always willing to understand. Memories of a Person Who Truly Loves Kids Pupils’ idea of a good elementary school  teacher  can be classified into three general categories – personal qualities, relationship with pupils, and teaching techniques. Study of students in grade 2 through 8 suggests that most of them frequently recall teachers who helped them in their work, kind, patient, polite, neatly dressed, friendly in and out class, and with a sense of humor. Moreover, in order of frequency, beloved and easily remembered teachers are those who are kind and thoughtful, having fun with kids, often in good mood, agreeable, friendly with a nice smile, considerate, smart and well-informed. Easily recalled #ElementaryMoments with beloved teacher seems linked to personal and behavioral characteristics associated with teaching efficiency. In practice, this is the ability of an elementary school teacher to create a learning atmosphere for kids, motivate them to take risks in the learning process, become more inventive and accept new ideas. These teachers according to literature are those who take a student of her or his normal frame of reference and help them see new possibilities even in complicated situations through humor. DEVELOPING STUDENTS CREATIVITY AND SELF-EXPRESSION THROUGH CRAYONS Memories of Effective and Inspiring Elementary School Teachers Most people have an implicit and internal definition of effective teaching. Most of us can easily distinguish a good teacher from a bad teacher. Everyone seems knowledgeable of what actually constitutes good teaching such as Ms. May and Mrs. Moody’s former elementary school  students who remembered them as funny but effective teachers. Ms. Daisy May is a kind of teacher who always starts the class with a smile. She is serious about teaching and often gives her students a lot of work. However, despite the difficulty, her great sense of humor made her classroom both fun and educational. Ms. May is kind and friendly in and out of the class but she never jokes about her class requirements. For instance, she was upset and failed almost the entire class when her students did not buy the book she required. Mrs. L. Moody, on the other hand, is a  sixth-grade teacher who is frequently remembered for her energy. She was loud, funny, but serious to her teaching like Ms. May. Although the qualities sound contradictory, Ms. Moody is an effective elementary school teacher who inspired many of her former students (now successful teachers) to pursue a teaching career. These teachers are best remembered for balancing classroom fun and learning. Their ability to â€Å"break the ice† and make students truly excited about coming to class and learn to separate them from the rest. They have the personal, relational, and teaching skills of an effective teacher that most students regard as best #ElementaryMoments.

Write Daily or Not

Write Daily or Not Stephen King (On Writing) and Julia Cameron (The Artists Way) believe strongly in writing daily. A few others, however, argue that writing daily isnt necessary. So whats a new or struggling writer to decide is the best for them? My take on writing daily is this: DO IT EVERY DAY. Until you find a voice, until you know your direction, until you are a hard-core writer and not a hob Unfortunately when you stop writing for a period, or skip weeks between poems or chapters, you lose ground. You backslide. Its like building a house for a week then letting the weather erode it for a couple months, then you go back to it and have to spend several days fixing whats deteriorated due to neglect. And thinking about writing doesnt work. It doesnt count. While it feels good, and you might consider new ideas to write about, its not writing. Nothing is a substitute for putting words down for a conclusion. Now there may come a day when you have so much on your plate, that you feel discombobulated. Too many deadlines, too confused where to take a scene, uncertain whether a character is needed. At that point, take a day off. Maybe even a weekend but only after youve been writing so steadily that you are honed to scribble each day. My light day is Saturday after a busy Friday putting out newsletters, when Im most likely to have family drop in. There have been times when Ive been at conferences and missed three days, but Im itching to get back to business Youll build your writing in layers. Your talent doesnt embed itself into your brain unless its repeated on a steady basis. If you put weeks and months between your chapters, be prepared to have to do a lot of starting over. Like going to college, taking Spanish 1 this year, and Spanish 2 three years from now a lot is going to be lost in the interim. Yes, you might have been writing for years. But how many years would it really be if you tallied only those days you actually wrote? Write daily. Youll be flabbergasted at your rate of improvement.

Communication eassy 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Communication eassy 7 - Essay Example The stock market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression would be played out on the airwaves of the radio for everyone to develop a common myth. Yet, radio was relatively slow to catch on. With little governmental control, the media giants of CBS and NBC struggled to reshape society, and only succeeded due to the commitment of a few visionary men. By 1910 radio had become a curiosity and few outside the military and marine ship operators understood its true potential. Yet, over the next 50 years it would transform our society from a loosely disconnected fabric of social groups to a cohesive group with a national identity. To understand the transformation it is necessary to examine the rapid social change of the 1920s. Entertainment, news, economics, politics, and technology all went through a rapid modernization (Crowley and Heyer 218). One of the driving forces behind this movement was the radio. People became connected in a way that was previously unknown. Newsprint could not incite the emotion and texture that sound gave to the stories and events. Through the 1940s, radio got more people involved in electoral politics by making them feel like they were a part of the democratic process (Bartlett 91, Crowley and Heyer 225). Radio became a mass outlet for ideas and products. It cultivated the concepts of fashion and fad. The country began to view themselves as a cohesive unit, with common values, common goals, and shared ideals. When we view the media giants of NBC and CBS it is easy to believe that the radio propelled these companies to success. However, quite the opposite is true. The fact is that these companies made the radio popular rather than the radio making the companies successful. In 1916 the American Marconi Company rejected David Sarnoff for offering the idea of a home radio to provide musical entertainment (Crowley and Heyer, 234). Sarnoff would leave Marconi and spend years

Lack of Diversity in Prison Staff Research Paper

Lack of Diversity in Prison Staff - Research Paper Example As a result of their study, Nicholas and Mary (1993) were able to find quite a lot of likenesses and differences in the perceptions of work in prison among the staff members which were influenced by their gender. In order to enhance workers’ motivation for work, it is imperative that their gender based requirements are taken into consideration and the policies are designed accordingly. Women bring diversity in work force in terms of gender. Benefits obtained from this variation in the corrections profession can only be maximized by paying heed to the perceptions of women along with men. There are several obstacles in the way of providing jailed students with education that is effective as well as consistent with their individualistic needs. The environment within prison is a result of the strict requirements of security. Prisoners are locked up, and are monitored all time. They are counted and are carefully supervised. These traits of the culture prevalent in jails impose a lo t of difficulties in the way of learning for imprisoned students. Too many restrictions do not leave any supportive element in the environment in a jail for studies. The prison staff places much more stress on punishing the imprisoned children than encouraging them to change their habits for the better. This behavior of the prison staff plays a big role in marginalizing education in jail. This is the fundamental reason why education and learning is seen by many imprisoned students as something beyond the allowable limits. Most of the education provided to imprisoned students is of the most basic level. In a vast majority of cases, these students are provided with little to no higher education at all. Education and learning, in general, is understood by both the staff working in a prison and the imprisoned lot as an â€Å"elite† task (Watts, 2010). In his research, Watts (2010) made an attempt to explore the hindrances commonly experienced by students in the way of gaining hig her education when they are imprisoned in a conventional jail setting. The research was particularly focused on studying the various practical and organization specific limitations encountered by the educators while they tend to provide the imprisoned students with education in a completely non-conventional and dangerously absurd learning environment. Watts (2010) particularly found that one-to-one teaching method greatly enhances a student’s capacity to learn in the sort of environment that is conventionally cultivated in jails. With the changes in the demographics in United States, the programs offered in jails which are directed at the rehabilitation of the imprisoned people have been heavily affected. According to the information recorded by the US Census, the population of minority in jails would transform into a majority till 2010 (Marshal, 2001). Female inmates in prison that used to be a minority in the past are readily increasing on a yearly basis as a result of the reflection of United States in the imprisoned population. Only over the course of one decade ending 2001, the population of

Etiology of HIV-Associated Dementia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Etiology of HIV-Associated Dementia The etiologic agents of the neurologic disease associated with HIV and AIDS are many. Opportunistic infections- cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, are a few of the organic causes of neurologic disease in AIDS patients, but will not be the main focus of this paper. The human immunodeficiency virus in itself is implicated in much of the neurological manifestations of the disease, and it is the effects of the presence of the virus within the central nervous system which is of interest to me in this paper. With the advent of more effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and thus increased life span of people with AIDS, neurological disorders are becoming a hot topic in AIDS research. In the early days of the epidemic, those infected with the virus could only hope to live for a short time before developing the symptoms of full blown AIDS, and death ensued shortly afterwards. The progress made in treatment in the past two decades has prolonged the lives of people with AIDS, to the point where diagnosis is no longer a sign of imminent debilitation and death, but rather an acknowledgement of a possible long road ahead with the aid of drug cocktails. There is also a strong possibility that the HIV infected person may develop HIV associated dementia after years of living with the disease (1). HIV associated dementia (HAD) is comprised of a spectrum of conditions from the mild HIV-1 motor cognitive-motor disorder to severe and debilitating AIDS dementia complex. Symptoms begin with motor slowing (2), and may progress to severe loss of cognitive function, loss of bladder and bowel control, and paraparesis . A classification system has been formulated for HIV associated dementia: Stage 0: Normal Stage 0.5: Subclinical or Equivocal Minimal or equivocal symptoms. Mild (soft) neurological signs. No impairment of work or activities of daily living (ADL). Stage 1: Mild Unequivocal intellectual or motor impairment. Able to do all but the most demanding work or ADL. Stage 2: Moderate Cannot work or perform demanding ADL. Capable of self-care. Ambulatory, but may need a single prop. Stage 3: Severe Major intellectual disability, or Cannot walk unassisted. Stage 4: End-Stage Nearly vegetative. 3. Disease may result from the direct presence of the virus in the central nervous system, toxins released from the virus, the body's immunological responses, or any number of other factors. Studies have found that non physiological levels of cytokines in the brain may have an effect of enhancing replication of HIV 3.

Immanuel Kant †Metaphysics of Morals Essay

In his publication, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant supplies his readers with a thesis that claims morality can be derived from the principle of the categorical imperative. The strongest argument to support his thesis is the difference between actions in accordance with duty and actions in accordance from duty. To setup his thesis, Kant first draws a distinction between empirical and â€Å"a priori† concepts. Empirical concepts are ideas we reach from our experiences in the world. On the other hand and in contrast, â€Å"a priori† concepts are ideas we reach as an end point of reasoning prior to or apart from any experience of how things occur in the world. Kant then claims that moral actions are supposed done for the reason of morality alone. This train of thought leads to the conclusion that an understanding of morality must be based on â€Å"a priori† concepts of reason. Truly moral ideas are then universally valid if and only if they are based on â€Å"a priori† concepts. From this idea of â€Å"a priori† concepts, Kant begins his thesis with the notion that the only thing in the world that is a qualified good is the â€Å"good will†, even if its efforts bring about a not necessarily good result. A â€Å"good will† is good because of the willing that is involved. Two main implications arise with this idea of the â€Å"good will†. The first implication is moral actions cannot have impure motivations. There are many impure motivations but Kant tends to focus mainly on the motives of the pursuit of happiness and self-preservation. Second, moral actions cannot be based on the speculations of the probable results. This action is not good in itself but good because it brought about a more desirable outcome. Thus, Kant arrives at the conclusion that for an action to be considered to have genuine moral worth its motive must be that of dutifulness to moral law. In Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant lays out three propositions about duty. The first is the will is a morally good action if it is done in accordance from duty, as opposed to an action done in accordance with duty. The second proposition is that actions are judged by the â€Å"maxim† or principle that was the motivation behind the action. If someone undertakes an action with the only motivation being that of a sense of duty, they are following a valid â€Å"a priori† action. On the other hand if they decide to undertake an action in order to bring about a desired result, then their motivation is one that is beyond mere duty. Kant’s third proposition then explains that is not the respect for the power of the law but rather it is the moral motivation of an individual who acknowledges that the law is an imperative of reason that trumps our other interests. The will, as Kant describes, is of practical reason. A rational being is an individual who has the capacity to execute their behavior by the conceptions of laws. This discipline of action is also known as the will. Our judgment that advises us on our action is known as an imperative or a command to act on a certain motive. An imperative can be either hypothetical or categorical. In the hypothetical imperative one acknowledges an action as right or necessary if it is a manner in which to obtain or achieve a certain goal. As such you would act on an action if a previous circumstance has taken place. These types of actions come from our previous experiences and counsel us to a way in which our desires can be achieved. Thus, an action cannot be held universally valid at all times if its goal is to acquire some objective of desire under a certain set of conditions. If the goal is ultimately happiness, we are unable to set any universally hypothetical imperatives for happiness. This is because the definition of happiness differs from person to person. One man’s happiness can very well be another man’s misery. As Kant explains, a binding moral law then cannot be equivalent or parallel to a hypothetical imperative. Pure reason comes from the ability to consider neither a motivating condition accompanying another nor its intended results. With that, we then need to find a principle with universal validity or a principle that is valid no matter what issue is being considered. â€Å"A priori† principles of reason are the only principles that fit this standard on which a judgment or decision may be based. Hence, Immanuel Kant formulates that a moral imperative is one that is an unconditional or categorical imperative. A categorical imperative is our moral consciousness to do our duty because we ought to do our duty instead of pursuing our own desires attached to the duty. Such an imperative is driven by pure reason. Because we exclude our desires or maxims, we need only to focus on the form of our imperative. The form needs to be universally applicable or valid for all rational beings to follow. Thus, Kant gives us only one categorical imperative and it is â€Å"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† (Kant pg. 38). This universal law of morality states that we should act in such a way that we could will the maxim of our action to become universally applicable. This should be used as the criterion to determine whether or not a maxim is morally valid. Before we are able to apply a maxim to this categorical imperative, it is required that the maxim first, be fit to be a law of nature and second, is based on a notion that all actions have ends. The second pertains to the idea that men and women are ends in themselves. No maxim that does not impose or imply respect as a necessary accompaniment for men and women can be a moral law valid for everyone. Third, we must see every rational being as able to make universal laws. Last, the maxim requires the moral agent to act as a lawgiving member of all persons. From these points, two important ideas arise. The ideas deal with the autonomy of the will and dignity of the individual. Each person is essentially their own lawmaker, obeying the laws that they give themselves as a rational being. A person is not bound to a law by fear or hope of some reward, but freely bound to it by their lawgiving ability. This moral will is autonomous. Autonomy, which means self-law, is the only way Kant believes an individual to achieve the ultimate freedom. If an individual obeys laws from some other lawgiver, such as God and government, because of fear of punishment or hope of reward, he or she is not truly free. I feel the strongest objection to this thesis is Kant does not take enough consideration to human beings natural emotions. I believe his thesis weighs to heavily on mere reason alone without any emphasis on the emotional component of our morality. Kant’s perception that morality is a chore neglects the fact that by performing actions from duty individuals can obtain a somewhat subtle level of personal gratification from partaking in such acts that are not generally enjoyable to execute. I am not thoroughly convinced that if you are able to gain some happiness and reward from an action that is not generally alluring. The strengths of my personal view rely on the possibility of achieving a feeling of reward by completing an obligation. I feel there is an importance of doing something with a smile on your face. If you are unhappy to perform a moral action it will to reveal outwardly or make apparent that your heart is elsewhere, thus, tainting the action. However, if you perform these tasks seeking a somewhat level of enjoyment others will notice that you truly care about what it is you are doing and perceive the action to be a notable one. The weakness is obviously that you will be more probable to engage and look to engage in more actions that will give you this appeal and instant gratification. This is not an ideal situation because placing a slight neglect to a duty or obligation that you might not find appeal in defeats the purpose of completing all of the obligations set for us to go through with. Kant’s thesis has strength in the fact that the universal law seems closely related to the golden rule, which is do on to others as you would have others do on to you. With a statement as such it is awfully arduous to not perform a moral action. The weakness still lies in the fact Kant takes little to no consideration to humans’ natural emotions and feelings. Leading a moral life does not have to be a melancholy life, one in which you are bound to an endless amount of duties that you can seek no joy in. Whether or not Kant intended to make morality seem like torture, it appears it comes off in this manner. Kant’s overall view of morality appears near flawless. If there was a manner in which he could have incorporated a leeway for some emotions, I feel his thesis is in actuality how each individual should lead his or her life. .

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1546 Words

The idea of the American Dream is where individuality of hard work and enthusiasm are shown. The novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates many themes; however the most noteworthy one relates to the breach of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone who is preliminary on the economic rank, and sticking it out until they achieve full prosperity. By having money, cars, houses, nice clothes and a happy family this illustrates the American dream. This dream also stands for that public no matter who he or she is, can surface into someone thriving in life by his or her own commission. The desire to tackle for what one wants can be proficient if they work hard as much as necessary. The dream is corresponded by the ideas of an autonomous man or woman, who works hard to attain a goal to become triumphant. The Great Gatsby shows what The American Dream comes about to be in the 1920’s, which is a time period when the dream becomes tarnished for countless reasons. The American dream not only causes corruption but has caused destruction. Myrtle, Gatsby and Daisy have all been tainted and damaged by the dream. The craving for a lush life is what tempts Myrtle into having an affair with Tom. This choice harms her marriage with George, which leads to her fatality and defeat of true happiness. Myrtle has the optimism and want for an ideal, flush and prominent type life. She takes pleasure in reading gossip magazines which embodies her optimism for the lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that